Identify the proposed mechanism
A mechanism describes how an effect might occur. First identify the exact molecule and the setting being described. Then ask whether the evidence is computational, laboratory, animal or human research.
Connect mechanism to outcome
An explanation that sounds plausible is not the same as a demonstrated benefit. Look for evidence connecting the mechanism to the specific outcome claimed for the product, rather than assuming every step has been shown.
Look for the missing link
A useful product comparison distinguishes what is measured from what is inferred. If a paper investigates a cell marker, do not silently translate it into a proven change in someone’s everyday appearance or health.
Sources & references
A chemical record identifies a reference, a study reports a defined investigation, and a product label concerns a specific medicine. A supplier catalogue is not clinical evidence.
General education, not personal medical advice. Ask an appropriately qualified professional about a medicine, symptom or treatment question.